三、功能意念项目表

注：标*号的项目为八级要求。其余为五级要求。二级的功能项目参见“内容标准”中的“语言知识”部分。

1． 社会交往（social communications）

(1)　 问候（Greetings）

A. Hi!

Goodmorning/afternoon/evening.

How are you?

How are you doing?

Please say hello to yourparents.

Please give my love/bestwishes to Lucy.

B. Hi !

Hello!

Goodmorning/afternoon/evening.

I’m OK.

Fine. thanks, and you?

Very well, thank you.

*Just so so.

Sure.

All right.

(2)　 介绍（Introduction）

A. My name isJim.

I’m a student.

I’m from England.

This is Mr./Mr./Miss/ Ms Brown.

I’d like you to meet Bob.

*May I introduce Professor Jeff Brown?

B. Hello!

How do you do?

Nice/Glad/Pleased to meet(see) you.

* May Iintroduce Professor Jeff Brown?

B. Hello!

How do you do?

Nice / Glad /Pleased to meet (see) you.

(3)告别 (Farewells )

A. Good-bye /Bye / Bye--bye.

Good night.

See you later/ then / tomorrow / soon.

I am sorry Ihave to go now.

* I am afraidI must be leaving now.

B. Good--bye /Bye / Bye--bye.

See you.

Good night.

See you later/ then / tomorrow / soon.

(4)感谢 (Thanks )

A. Thank you(very much).

Thanks a lot.

Thank you foryour help.

It‘s very kind/ nice of you.

* I appreciateyour help.

B. It’s apleasure.

* My pleasure.

That‘s OK /all right.

You’ rewelcome.

* Don‘ tmention it.

(5)道歉 (Apologies)

A. Sorry.

I’ m sorry.

Excuse me,please.

I beg yourpardon.

I‘ m sorry forlosing your book.

I’ m sorry tointerrupt you.

I‘ m sorry(that) l’ m late.

B. That‘s OK.

It’s a1lright.

Never mind.

It doesn‘tmatter.

It’s nothing.‘

* Forget it.

(6)邀请 (Invitation)

A. Wou1d youlike to go for a walk?

You must cometo dinner with us.

May l inviteyou to dinner?

What / Howabout having a swim?

B. OK.

O Thank you.

I’ d likethat, thanks.

Yes, I‘ d loveto.

That would bevery nice.

② No, thank you.

It’s very niceof you, but my mother is ill.

I‘ d love to,but I’ m afraid I have no time.

I‘ m sorry Ican’ t. What about another time?

(7 )请求允许 (Asking for permission )

A. May I comein?

Can / Could Iuse your telephone?

* Is it allright if I sit here?

* I wonder ifI could smoke here.

Would / Do youmind if I open the window?

B. ① Yes, please.

Sure.

Certainly.

+ Please do.

That‘s allright.

Of course, youcan.

+ Go ahead,please.

② I’ m sorry, it ) s not allowed.

I‘ m afraidnot.

You’ d betternot.

* It‘s notallowed.

* I’ m sorry,but you can smoke in the next room.

(8) 祝愿和祝贺 (Expressing wishes andcongratulations)

A. Have a goodday / time!

Have a goodjourney / trip!

Good luck!

Enjoyyourself!

Best wishes toyou. -

Happy NewYear!

MerryChristmas!

Happybirthday!

* Wish you allthe success!

Congratulations!

Well done!

B. Thank you.

. You, too.

The same toyou.

(9)提供帮助 (Offering help)

A. Do you wantme to clean the room?

Can I helpyou?

Would you likeme to help you?

What can I dofor you?

Let me takeyour bags.

B. ① Yes, please.

Yes, thanks.

Thank you.That would be nice / fine.

Thank you foryour (the) help.

② No, thanks / thank you.

Thank you allthe same.

That‘s verykind of you, but I can manage it myself.

(10) 约会 (Making appointments )

A. Will you befree tomorrow?

Do you havetime this afternoon?

How abouttomorrow morning?

When / Whereshall we meet?

Could we meetat 4: 30?

Let’s make it4: 30.

* What time isconvenient for you?

* I‘d 1ike tomake an appointment with Mr. Jones.

B. ① Yes, I’ll be free then.

All right. Seeyou then.

② I‘m afraid I have no time then.

Sorry, I won’tbe free then. But I‘ll be free tomorrow.

(11 ) 打电话 (Making telephone calls )

A. Hello! MayI speak to Tom?

Hello! I’dlike to speak to Mr. Green.

Is that LiuYing speaking?

Extension sixtwo two six, please.

Can I leave amessage?

I‘ll call backlater / again.

I’ll ring him/ her up again.

B. Hello! Thisis Mary speaking.

Hello, who isthis?

Hold the line,please.

Just a moment,please.

Hello, who‘sspeaking?

Sorry. He /She isn’t here right now.

Can I take amessage?

Sorry. I can‘thear you.

The line isbad / busy.

I couldn’t getthrough.

Sorry, I‘mafraid you have the wrong number.

(12)就餐(Having meals)

A. Would youlike something to eat / drink?

What would youlike (to have) ?

Would you likesome more fish?

Help yourselfto some fish.

* Which do youprefer, rice or noodles?

* What wouldyou like to drink, tea or coffee?

B. ① Yes, I’d like a drink.

I‘d like riceand chicken.

Just a little,please.

Can I have some more soup?

It’s sodelicious. Thank you.

*I prefernoodles to rice.

I like greentea.

② No, thank you. I‘ve had enough.

I’m full,thank you*

* It‘s verydelicious, but I can’t eat any more.

(l3) 就医 (Seeing the doctor)

A. What‘s thematter?

What seems tobe the trouble?

DO you have afever?

How long haveyou felt like this?

It’s nothingserious.

Take thismedicine three times a day.

You‘ll be allright / well soon.

* Give up smokingand keep on taking more exercises.

B. I have aheadache / cough / fever.

I feelterrible / bad / horrible / awful.

I don’t feelwell.

I‘ve got apain here.

It hurts here.

* I don’t feellike eating.

I can‘t sleepwell.

(14)购物 (Shopping)

A. Can / May Ihelp you?

What can I dofor you?

How many /much would you like?

What color /size / kind would you like?

What aboutthis one?

Here’s yourchange.

B. I want /I‘d like a pair of shoes.

How much is it/ are they?

May I try iton?

It’s too big /small.

Sorry, it‘stoo expensive.

Do you haveany other colors / sizes / kinds?

Two and a halfkilos / pounds, please.

That’s fine.I‘ll take it.

Just have alook.

Well, I’llthink about it.

(15) 问路(Asking the way)

A. Excuse me.Where‘s the washroom?

Can you tellme how to get to the Post office?

Excuse me.Which bus goes to World Park?

Excuse me.Which is the way to the Bank of China?

Excuse me.Could you tell me the way to the station, please?

How can l getto No. 4 Middle School?

B. to It’sover there.

It‘s about 400meters from here.

Go down thisstreet until you see the tall red building.

Turn right /left at the first / second crossing / corner.

You can’t missit.

You can takebus No. 103.

You‘d bettertake a taxi

② Sorry. I don’t know. I‘m a stranger here.

(16)谈论天气 (Talking about weather)

A. What’s theweather like today?

How‘s theweather in Beijing?

What a cold /hot day today!

It’s a nice /fine / beautiful / horrible day today.

B. It‘s sunny/ cloudy / windy / rainy / snowy / foggy.

It’s gettingcool / cold / warm / hot.

(17) 语言交际困难 (Language difficulties incommunication)

Pardon?

I beg yourpardon?

I don‘tunderstand.

Sorry, I can’tfollow you.

* Cou1d yousay that again, please?

* Could yourepeat that, please?

Can you speakmore slowly, please?

* What do youmean by killing time?

How do yousay... in English?

I don‘t knowhow to say that in English.

I don’t knowthe word in English.

How do youspe1l it, please?

I‘m sorry Ionly know a little English.

(18) &@t1H(Reminding and warning)

Don’t forgetyour raincoat.

Remember tolock the door.

* Make surethat all the windows are closed.

Mind yourhead/step!

No smoking!

No spitting!

Wet floor!

Look out !

Be carefu1!

Don‘t touch!

It’sdangerous!

(19) 劝告 (Advice)

You‘d bettergo to see the doctor.

You shouldlisten to and read English everyday.

You need tobuy a Chinese-English dictionary.

* If I wereyou, I’d phone him now.

Don‘t rush /hurry/ push.

Please standin line.

(20) 建议 (Suggestions)

Let’s go andhave a 1ook.

* Should we gonow?

What / Howabout a picnic this Sunday?

Why don‘t youbuy a computer?

Why not go toa movie?

2.态度 (Attitudes)

(21 ) 同意和不同意 (Agreement and disagreement)

Sure.

Certainly.

* Exactly.

* That ’scorrect.

Of course.

All right.

I agree.

No problem.

That‘s a goodidea.

Yes, I thinkso.

No way.

Of course not.

I don’t agree.

I don‘t thinkso.

I’m afraidnot.

(22) 喜欢和不喜欢 (Likes and dislikes)

This book isvery interesting.

I like / lovethe movie (very much).

I like / loveto play computer games.

I like takingphotos.

I enjoylistening to music.

I‘m interestedin science.

He is fond ofmusic.

This song isbad / awful.

I don’t likethe movie very much / at all.

I don‘t enjoycollecting stamps.

I hate to dohomework.

(23)肯定和不肯定(Certainty and uncertainty)

I ’m sure.

I‘m sure ofthat.

I’m (quite)sure (that) she‘ll join us.

* There is nodoubt that it’s made of silk.

* It‘s clearthat it will rain soon.

I’m not sosure.

I‘m not sureof that.

I’m not surewhether / if she can come.

Maybe you‘reright.

Perhaps she isat home now.

It’s hard tosay.

(24)可能和不可能 (Possibility andimpossibility)

A. He can /may come today.

It may snowtonight.

It‘s possibleto finish the homework before 6 o’clock.

* It‘s likelyto rain this afternoon.

* It’s likelythat you will lose this game.

B. He may notcome so early.

He can‘t be inthe office now.

It’s notlikely to snow soon.

It‘simpossible to finish my homework within one hour.

(25) 能够和不能够(Ability and inability)

He can ride abike.

He’s able topass the math exam.

He is good atfootball.

He can‘t swim.

* He’s unableto walk any more.

She‘s not goodat swimming.

(26) 偏爱和爱好(Preference and hobbies)

I prefer tea.

Which do youprefer, tea or coffee?

* I prefer teato coffee.

* I’d preferto go by train.

I like Englishbetter / the best.

My favoritesubject is physics.

* I‘d ratherdrink coffee than tea.

* Where wouldyou rather go, London or Tokyo?

(27)意愿和打算(Intentions and plans)

I’ll go withyou.

I‘m going tosee my head teacher this afternoon.

I’d like tomake a phone call to her after class.

I want / hopeto find an English pen--friend.

I plan to goto Hang zhou this summer.

* We are readyto move to a new house.

* Bil1 intendsto spend his vocation in California.

* I amthinking of driving to Beijing.

I won‘t seethe movie again.

I’m not goingto buy the book.

l don‘t wantto live in the big city.

(28)希望和愿望 (Hope and wish)

I wish to seeyou again.

I hope tobecome a doctor.

I hope itstays fine.

* I wish Iwere younger.

I hope so.

I hope not.

(29) 表扬和鼓励(Praise and encouragement)

A. Very good!

Well done!

Wonderful!

Excellent !

You speakEnglish very well.

Your dress isbeautiful!

Come on!

Keep trying!

You can do it!

B. Thank you.

OK. I’ll tryit again.

(30)责备和抱怨 (Blame and complaint)

* He‘s toblame.

M She blamedhim for coming home late.

What do youmean by doing so?

How could youcheat your teacher?

* He shou1dn’thave done it.

Why didn‘t youtell me the truth?

I’m sorry tohave said that, but this room is too dirty.

* I hate tohave to say this, but it‘s too noisy here.

Why don’t youdo something about it?

(31)冷淡 (Indifference)

I don‘t care.

* l don’t carewhat you do.

It doesn‘tmatter to me.

* I don’t mindif you smoke.

* It‘s none ofmy business.

3. 情感(Emotions)

(32)高兴(Happiness)

How wonderful/ nice!

That’s lovely/ great / wonderful!

I‘m so happy.

It’s welldone.

I‘m pleased toknow that.

(33)惊奇(Surprise)

Real1y?

Oh dear!

Is that so?

What asurprise!

How nice tosee you!

Howsurprising!

l ’msurprised.

* It surprisesme that your English is so beautiful.

Does thatsurprise you?

* Is this whatyou expected?

(34)忧虑(Worries)

What‘s wrong?

What’s the matter?

Anythingwrong?

What should wedo?

* Is somethingworrying you?

Are youworried about your health?

(35 )安慰 (Reassurance)

There, there.

Don‘t beafraid.

Don’t worry.

It‘s (quite)all right.

It’ll be OK /all right.

(36)满意 (Satisfaction)

Good!

Well done!

Perfect!

That‘s fine.

That’s better.

That‘s goodenough.

I’m pleasedwith your spoken English.

(37) 遗憾 (Regret)

I‘m so sorry!

It’s a greatpity!

What a shame!

That‘s toobad!

* I wish I hadnever given it up.

* If I hadbeen there, he would not have made such a serious mistake.

* (38) 同情 (Sympathy)

I’m so sorry!

I‘m so sorryabout your illness.

I’m sorry tohear you are going away.

Please acceptmy deep sympathy.

(39) 恐惧 (Fear)

Help!

How terrible!

I‘m afraid ofthat dog.

I ’mfrightened.

* You scaredme!

* I dare notgo out at night.

(40)愤怒 (Anger)

* Damn!

* Isn‘t itannoying!

* What astupid idiot!

4 时间 (Time)

(41) 时刻 (Point of time)

A. Excuse me.What’s the time, please?

Excuse me.What time is it?

* Have you gotthe time?

When did youcome to China?

What time doyou get up every day?

B. It‘s halfpast five / twenty to nine.

I came toChina in 1998.

I get up at 6o’clock.

(42) 时段 (Duration)

A. How longhave you been in this school?

How long doesit take you to get to school?

When did youlive in Beijing?

How long haveyou been ill?

B. I have beenin this school for three years.

It takes metwenty minutes by bike.

I lived inBeijing from 1996 to 1999.

l have beenill since last Monday night.

(43) 频度 (Frequency)

A. How oftendo you go to movies?

B. I go to themovie once a week.

I often go tomovies.

(44) 时序 (Sequence)

*The cat ranhere and there, first on this side, then on that side.

What did youdo next?

Final1y wefound our way out.

It rained evenharder later on.

5. 空间 (Space)

(45) 位置(Position)

A. Where isthe picture?

B. It‘s on /at / above / in / under / beside / near / behind the table.

He sits at theback of the room.

The lab is inthe center of the school.

(46) 方向 (Direction)

A. Which isthe way to the station?

Where is thetrain / bus going?

Where are yougoing?

* Are yougoing up / down?

B. Go downthis street, and turn left / right at the first crossing.

The train isgoing to Xi’ an.

The train isgoing to the east / west / south / north.

I‘m going tothe railway station.

I’m leavingfor Shanghai.

(47) 距离(Distance)

A. How far is your school from here?

B. It‘s about40 minutes by bike.

It’s about 6 kilometers / miles away

A。Is there a bird in the tree?

Are there any apples in the tree?

What‘s in thetree?

B. Yes, thereis / are.

There’s a birdin the tree.

There are many/ a lot of birds in the tree.

(49) 不存在(Non-existence)

A. Is there anEnglish book in the schoo1bag?

Are there anyEnglish books in the schoolbag?

Isn‘t thereany water in the bottle?

* Does waterexist on the moon?

B. No, thereisn’t / aren‘t (any).

There isn’t anEnglish book in the schoolbag.

There aren‘tany English books in the schoolbag.

No, there’s nowater in the bottle.

There‘s nomore paper in the printer.

* No waterexists on the moon.

7. 特征 (Features)

(50) 形状 (Shape)

A. What doesit look like?

What’s theshape of the clouds?

B. It lookslike a camel.

It‘s round /long / tall / short.

It’s a circle/ square.

It‘s a U-shaped road.

(51 ) 颜色 (Color)

A. What coloris the bag?

B. It’s green/ red / blue / yellow / black / white / orange /

purple / lightbrown / dark blue.

* I like thephoto in black and white.

(52) 材料(Material)

A. What‘s thetable made of ?

What’s the redwine made from?

B. It‘s madeof wood.

It’s made fromgrapes.

I boughta woollen sweater yesterday.

(53)价格(Price)

A. How much isthe dictionary?

How much isit?

How much arethey?

Is it cheap /expensive?

B. Thedictionary costs me 100 yuan.

The dictionaryis expensive / cheap.

(54) 规格 (Size)

A. What sizeis your sweater?

What sizeshoes do you wear?

B. The size ofmy sweater is XXL.

It‘s too big /small / long / short for me.

(55) 年龄 (Age)

A. How old areyou? -

How old is he/ she?

B. I’meighteen.

He / She issix years old.

Uncle Wang isan old man.

8‘ 计量(Measurement)

(56)长度 (Length)’

A. How long isthe bridge?

B. It‘s 430meters / feet long.

(57) 宽度(Width)

A. How wide isthe river?

B. It’s about200 meters wide.

(58)高度 (Height)

A. How tall /high is the building?

B. It‘s 130meters tall / high.

The buildinghas 85 floors / stories.

(59)数量(Number)

A. How many studentsare there in your c1ass?

How much waterdo you drink every day?

B. There areforty students in our class.

I drink fiveglasses of water every day.

9. 比较 (Comparison)

(60) 同级比较 (Equa1 comparison)

My ruler is aslong as yours.

I can run asfast as you can.

This book isnot as interesting as that one.

I can’t run sofast as you can.

(61 ) 差别比较 (Comparative and superlative)

Lily isyounger than Kate.

The red skirtis more expensive than the yel1ow one.

I run fasterthan Jim.

Mrs. Bakerwalks more slowly than Mr. Baker.

Jim is thetallest in his class.

Tom is thebest of all.

(62)相似和差别(Simi1arity and difference)

This pictureis the same as that one on the wall.

Lucy is likeher mother.

Tom looks likehis father.

My picture isdifferent from yours.

There are fivedifferences between the two pictures.

10. 逻辑关系(Logical relations)

(63) 原因和结果(Cause and effect )

A. Why are youlate for school?

How could youmiss the train / p1ane?

B. Because Igot up late this morning.

* As he wasill, he couldn‘t come to school.

Since she didnot feel well, she stayed at home.

Because of thebad traffic, we missed the train.

* Due to theheavy fog, the planes were delayed.

* The reasonis that he is not careful enough in his work.

He ate toomuch, so he did not feel wel1.

* It is sodark that I can not see anything in the room.

(64)目的(Purpose)

A. Why are youhere today?

Why did you dothat?

B. I came hereto see you off.

* I did thatin order to protect the trees.

1l. 职业 (Occupation)

(65) 工作(Job)

A. What do youdo?

What’s yourjob?

What are yougoing to be?

B. I‘m ateacher / doctor / worker / farmer / businessman / manager.

I’m going tobe a scientist / computer engineer.

(66) 单位(Employer)

A. Where doyou work?

* What companyare you working for?

B. I‘mteaching Eng1ish in a high school.

* I’m working for a computer company.