一、

    ┌much,some,great（用于肯定句）┐

    （be） of ┤no,little（表示否定） ├＋名词

    └any （用于疑问句） ┘

    （书面语，比较郑重的说法）

    ＝（be）＋（very）＋形容词（形容词与上面的名词同根）（多用于口语）

    （1）该结构可在句中充当表语，后置定语或补语。

    （2 ）该结构中形容词后接的名词常见的为抽象名词value ，importance，

use，help，benefit，int erest，difference，courage，fun等。

    （3）该结构中的名词也可以是表示年龄、颜色、尺寸、 样式的词，如age，

colour，size，type等。

    The meeting is of great importance to me.

    ＝The meeting is very important to me.

    This kind of dictionary is of no use to usstudents.

    ＝This kind of dictionary is useless to usstudents.

    What he has done is of great benefit to thepeople. 他所做的事对人

民有很大的益处。

    Everything that we saw was of great interest tous.

    Thedictionary will be of great value to the students whoare learners

of English.

    Though what he said was of little help to me, Ithankedhim all the

same.

    This is a book of some use.=This is a usefulbook.

    I thought the doctor‘s advice of much help toyou.

    Mountaineering is of great fun, but at the sametime wemust not forget

the danger.

    We are of an age.= We are of the same age.

    These two rooms are of a size. = These two roomsare ofthe same size.

    二、

    ┌no...but...┐

    A.┤nothing but... ├"只有"，

    └nothing...but...┘"除……外没有……"

    B. not...but..."不是……而是……"

    ┌not only（或just）... ┐

    C.┤ but（also）... ├"不仅……

    │not only（或just）... │而且……"

    └ but...as well ┘

    （1）A中的but为介词，意为"除了"，相当于except，而B、C 中的but

均为连词，but前后须为对等成分 。

    （2）not only（或just）后接句子置于句首时， 句子要采用部分倒装，

但but（also）后的句子则不要倒 装。C中的结构连接两个并列主语时，不需要

倒装，主谓一致应采用就近一致的原则。

    （3）"动词＋nothing but＋动词"结构，意为"只得干……，除了干……

别无选择"。前面谓语动词部 分若含有do的形式，but 后的动词为省略to的

不定式，若前面无do的形式，则but后用带to 的不定式形式，即 "带do不

带to，带to不带do"。

    ［考例］①The man looked at the looms but couldsee______empty frames.

    A.anything but B.everything but

    C.something but D.nothing but（86上海）②I don’t wantto go not because

being busy

    but because I

    ── ───── ──────

    A B Cenjoy being alone.（B处错误，将其改为I am b usy）（93上海）

    ──────

    D

    No one but he knew about it.

    There‘s nothing in my pocket but a pen.

    He is not a teacher, but a worker, a very famousworkerin our factory.

    They were not the bones of an animal, but (thebones) of a human being.

    He went not to help his father but to borrowmoney fromhim.他不是

去帮父亲的忙，而是去向父 亲借钱。

    He failed not because he isn’t clever butbecause hedidn‘t work hard.

    He can speak not only English but French aswell.

    He not only swims very fast but also skates verywell.

    The singers do not just come from Hefei but fromall overthe country.

    Not only did he teach at school, but he wrotenovels. 他不但在学校

里教书，而且还写小说。

    三、

    ┌keep in touch with... ┐

    │ （与……保持联系） │

    │get in/into touch with... │

    ┤ （与……取得联系） ├（表示动作）

    │lose/ge out of touch with... │

    │（与……失去联系） │

    └ ┘

    ┌ be in touch with... ┐

    │ （与……有联系） │

    ┤ be out of touch with... ├（表示状态）

    └ （与……失去联系） ┘

    （考例）Here’s my card. Let‘s keep in _________.

    A.touch B.relation

    C.connection D.friendship

    (NMET94)

    We must keep in touch with what is happening inforeigncountries.

    I haven’t been in touch with him since we leftschoolfive years ago.

    Write to me as often as you can. I don‘t want tolosetouch with you.

    If you live in the country,you soon get out oftouch withthings.

    I’m trying to get in touch with my brother.

    We have been out of touch with them for aboutten years.

    四、sit/seat

    （1）请坐！┌Sit down, please.

    │Be seated, please.

    ┤Have a （或your） seat, please.

    │Take a （或your） seat, please.

    └Seat yourself, please.

    （2）┌seat oneself＋（地点状语）

    ┤sit ＋（地点状语） （表示动作）

    └be seated＋（地点状语） （表示状态）

    ┌sitting ┐

    （3）动词（如see,find）＋sb＋┤seated ├

    └seating oneself┘

    ＋地点状语

    （4）take（或have）a（或one‘s）seat就座， 但表达自己坐下时，不能

使用have a （one’s）seat。

    ［误］I entered and had a seat.

    ［正］I entered and took a （或my）seat.

    （5）seat作为动词还有"容纳"之意。

    The great hall can seat（＝hold）2000 people.（考例）①Atall woman

dressed in mourning

    walked through

    ────── ────

    A Bthe door quietly and seated her at t he tablein the corner of

    ───── ────────

    C Dthe room.（C处错误，将her改为herself）（‘ 91上海）

    ②Seated himself in a chair, Mr Crossett began tolook

    ─── ── ───

    A Bthrough the evening paper and suddenly heheard a knock at────

    ── C Dthe door. （’93上海）（A处错误，将Seated改为Seating）

    ③Shortly after we________, a waiter came over toourtable with a

smile.

    A.seated B.were seated

    C.sat ourselves D.took places（‘95上海）

    They were found seated in the classroom,preparing forthe exam.

    —When did the lecture begin?

    —When all the students were seated, theprofessor beganhis lecture.

    五、wish,expect,hope,want

    （1）wish/expect/hope/want to do sth.

    （2）wish/expect/want sb. to do sth. （hope 不能用于该句型，但可用

hope for sb. to do sth.）

    （3）wish/expect/hope that从句（want一般不能用于该句型）wish（that）

┌S＋V-ed（与现在事实情况 相反）

    │S＋had＋pp.（与过去事实情况相反）

    ┤

    │S＋could/would/might＋动词原形

    └ （与将来事实情况相反）

    （4）wish/hope for sth.（expect和want不能用于该句型）

    （5）wish sb. sth.（只有wish可用于该句型，主要用于表示祝愿）wish sb.

success（a pleasant jou rney, good luck,a MerryChristmas, a Happy New

Year）

    （6）

    A.┌expect,want┐to have done sth.

    └hope,wish ┘

    B.

    had┌hoped,wanted ┐to do sth.

    └expected,wished┘

    A、B两结构均可表示"本希望（本想），但未实现"。

    （7）hope so/hope not或don’t hope so［考例］①—He is avery brave

man.

    —Yes, I wish I _______ his courage.

    A.have B.had

    C.will have D.would have (MET85)

    ②I wish I_______you yesterday.

    A. seen B.did see

    C.had seen D.were to see

    (MET88)

    ③I hope________happy while you are here.

    A.you to be B.for your being

    C you will be D.your being （‘90上海）

    ④We_______each other the best of luck in theexamination.

    A.hoped B.wished

    C.expected D.wanted(NMET91)

    He said he hoped to be back soon.

    I hope I can pass the examination.

    Hope for the best and prepare for the worst.

    —Will it be fine tomorrow?—I hope so.

    I hardly expected to find you still here.

    I expected you to be here promptly.

    You can’t expect that she should receive him.

    He wants you to see him in his office tomorrow.

    I wish I could give you a hand.

    Mother wished me to become a doctor.

    How I wish for a computer of my own!

    How I wished I hadn‘t told him about the sadnews!

    I wish you had sent him a message yesterday.

    I hope to have seen you off yesterday, but Ihaven’t time.

    ＝I had hoped to see you off yesterday, but Ihaven‘t time.

    六、defeat,win,beat

    （1）defeat sb.

    （2）beat sb.（或team）

    （3）win a game (war,prize,race,bet, match, one’srespect,the

election,one‘s admiration)

    After eight years of fighting, the Chinesepeople at lastdefeated the

Japanese invaders.

    经过八年浴血奋战，中国人民终于打败了日本侵略者。

    My sister came first and won the race yesterday.

    I’m sure he will win the game.

    He won the love and respect of the surroundingpeasants.

    The enemy was beaten in the battle.

    She beat her brother at tennis.

    她打网球赢了她弟弟。

    七、good

    adj.(1)be good at

    (2)be good for sth.

    ［反］be bad for sth.

    (3)be good to sb.(good=kind)

    (4)be good to do(good=fit)

    (5)It‘s good (of sb) to do sth.(good=nice,kind)

    (6)good and+adj./adv.(good=nice)

    =very+adj./adv.

    （7）Would you be so good as to do sth.

    =Would you be good enough to do sth.(good=kind)

    （8）a good┌many＋n.（复）＋v.（复）

    ┤number of (good=great=large)

    └deal of(good=great)

    比较：many a+n.（单）+v.（单）

   many+n.（复）+v.（复）

    （9）make good use of (good=full)

    （10）have a good look at

    （11）give sb. a good beating

    （12）teach sb. a good lessonn. （1）do sb.good=dogood to sb.

    比较：do sb. harm=do harm to sb.

    do sb. wrong=do wrong to sb.冤枉某人

    （2）for the good of (good=benefit)

    （3）It’s (There‘s) no good doing sth.(good=use)

    （4）What’s the good of...?(good=use)（考例）John isvery

good_____sports. He‘s a member ofourfootball team.

    A.to B.at

    C.from D.of（’86上海）

    Isuggested that you not drink so much just for the goodof your health.

    Vegetables are good for your health.

    The water in the well is good to drink.

    He‘s always been good to me.

    Their team gave us a good beating.

    It’s good of you to help me with my English.

    It‘s no good crying now!

    What’s the good/What good is having a car if youcan‘tdrive!

    We must make good use of our time.

    八、prepare

    （1）prepare sth.准备……

    （2）prepare for sth.为……作准备

    （3）be prepared for sth./to do sth.对（干）……有心理上的准备＝get/be

ready for sth./to do sth.

    （4）make preparations for

    （5）prepare sb./oneself for sth./to do sth.使某人（自己）对（干）……

有思想准备

    （6）prepare to do sth.

    （7）prepare sb. sth.为某人准备……（考例）The secretaryworked late

into the night, ___ ____along speech forthe president.

    A.to prepare B.preparing

    C.prepared D.was preparing

    (MET91)

    The students are preparing for the sports meet.

    =The students are getting ready for the sports meet.

    =The students are making preparations for thesports meet.

    We’re preparing to go on a holiday to Beijingnext week.

    Yesterday when he came to see me, I waspreparing mylessons.

    We should prepare the children for theexamination. 我们应该使孩子

们对考试有思想准备。

    Jack is preparing himself to sit for theexamination. 杰克正在准备

参加考试。

    You must be prepared to take the work.

    九、reach v. &n.

    （1）reach（更正式）＝arrive in/at＝get to

    （2）reach＋地点状语（介词短语充当）"扩展（延伸）到……"

    （3）reach sb.送达某人手里

    （4）reach sth.够到什么

    （5）reach (out)(sth.) for sth.

    （6）within one‘s reach＝within the reach of sb.某人能够到……

    （7）out of one’s reach＝out of the reach of sb.某人够不到……

    ［考例］—Where is the new dictionary?

    —It‘s on the top shelf, out of_________.

    A.reach B.sight

    C.touch D.order （’97海淀模拟）

    The banana was out of the monkey‘s reach.

    The sound reached to the back of the hall.

    Your letter reached me this morning.

    I can’t reach the book on the shelf. Can youhelp me?

    He reached (out) for a piece of cake.

    The beggar reached out his hand for money.