(A)

    The earliest men did not have much time for art; they faced many dangers, and hunting for food took (1)___ almost all their time. But after many thousands of years perhaps a million years or more they became very good hunters, and (2)___ gave them a little free time which they could use for other things. A few of them began to paint on the walls of the caves (3)___ they lived. Many early artists painted animals, (4)___ these were the most important things in their lives. Animals supplied (5)___ to keep them living, and skins to keep them (6)___.

    Like painters (7)___, the early artists possibly painted for many (8)___. Perhaps they wanted to give their cave a little brightness and color; perhaps they had a few special ideas which they could (9)___ most easily in a painting; perhaps they (10)___ wanted to spend a little time in a pleasant way. Many of them believed in magic (巫术), and they often drew animals which were caught. They hoped that by drawing these things, they would make them really appear.

    People have discovered cave paintings in many parts of the world. The earliest that we know about are in Europe. Because of the cool weather, the early men in Europe used the caves for shelter (隐蔽处); in many warmer parts of the world this was not necessary. We know quite a lot about the dates of the European paintings, and we believe that the earliest ones were painted about thirty thousand years ago.

 (B)

    Sleep is something we generally associate with (11)___ creatures. Of course, it is true that a lot of animals sleep, but zoologists are not certain that primitive forms of animal (12)___ like worms and snails, ever really (13)___. (14)___ the other hand, animals such as bears sleep for 4 or 5 months every year.

    The amount of sleep (15)___ human being needs depends (16)___, the individual and possibly race. For example, doctors think that pre-school children need between 10 and 12 hours a night; school children between 9 and 11 hours; and adults between 7 and 9 hours. There are exceptional cases of old people (17)___ only sleep between 2 and 3 hours a day and (18)___ to be active and healthy. The sleep requirements of different (19)___ also appear to be different. Japanese people, for example, sleep (20)___ hours than Europeans.

    Key: 1. D 2. B 3. C 4. B 5. C 6. B 7. B 8. D 9. A 10. C 11. B 12. A 13. A 14. C 15. C 16. A 17. D 18. B 19. D 20. C