生进行词义和句意理解的训练是提高他们理解文章大意的基础。任何单词的理解都离不开所在句子的语言环境；同理，任何句子都不是孤立存在的，都是与文章的中心与主题相联系的。因此理解他们也不能脱离所在的语境。近几年的高考题中有很多对划线单词和句子理解考查。例如：

1. A“pawgraphed”book is most probably           in paragraph 3.(NMET 2003)

2. Which of the following best explains the meaning of the word“baffle”as it is used in the text? (NMET 2003)

3. By saying“The Salt Lake City Public Library is sold in the idea”,the writer means the library           (NMET 2003)

4. What does the underlined word“it”(paragraph 2)refer to? (NMET 2002)

5. What is the meaning of “the organic trend”as the words used in the text? (NMET 2002)

6. The underlined word“them”(paragraph 1)refers to           (NMET 2002)

7. What does the underlined word“hassle”(paragraph 1) probably mean? (NMET 2002)

本文我们可以这样来进行词义和句意的阅读训练：首先让学生快速浏览课文内容，然后将阅读材料中的一些句子投影到屏幕上，给学生几分钟时间进行独立思考，并注意理解句子中划线部分在特定语言环境中的意义。

1. There she saw a wall of water that quickly advancing towards her.

2. She wanted to watch it.

3. For some moments both were silent.

4. Tree after tree went down, cut down by the water, which must have been three metres deep.

5. The next moment the first wave swept her, swallowing the garden.

6. She struggled and struggled,but could not get on her feet.

7. Jeff and Flora looked into each other's face with a look of fright.

8. Another wave struck the house.

9. Before she could move, she heard a loud noise, which grew to a terrible roar.

10. A terrible noise went through the house.

以上所列句子前四个划线部分是让学生理解代词，副词，以及关系代词在句中的指代作用，做好这类题目必需弄清该词所在语段中的前后关系，理清思路，避免阅读中的指代混乱的现象。5—10 中的划线部分都是普通的单词和短语，但在本文中所表达的不是其字面意思。通过讨论理解其所在语境中的意义，从而为更好地理解阅读材料内容扫清障碍。

二、利用教材中的阅读材料进行

细节理解的训练细节阅读训练是指对所阅读的材料中的某句、某段或某一具体细节和事实进行提问，并要求做答的题目类型。这类题目主要以 what，who，which，when，how，why 等引起的问句，这种题型在历年的高考试题中所占比例最大，分值较高，也是高考试题中基础性的题目类型。这类题目一般比较好得分，只要仔细阅读，都能在文中找到明确的答案。例如：

1. What sort of underground systems are already here with us? (NMET 2002)

2. Which theatre offers the cheapest seat? (NMET 2002)

3. If you want to see a play with old jokes and songs, which phone number will you ring to book a seat? (NMET 2002)

4. Which of the following is most likely to be a party planner? (NMET 2002)

5. Which of the following is most famous for moai? (NMET 2003)

6. Which country does Easter Island belong to? (NMET 2003)

7. What is Animal Hospital? (NMET 2003)

8. Which of the following plays an important part in the spread of foreign words? (NMET 2003)

针对上述情况，在平时的教学

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